CLEANING PROCESS OF LAKE SEDIMENT
Today, there are many built-up reservoirs around the world. Activities on the construction of dams with reservoirs have stagnated in recent times, primarily due to the fact that a limited number of technically, economically and environmentally suitable sites remain. In the already built accumulations, it is noticeable that they are filled with sediment. Sedimentation becomes a major problem for the functioning of dedicated hydro facilities. Here you can read literature on sedimentation problems in reservoirs. https://www.pnas.org/content/115/47/11891
The decomposition of biomaterials in the reservoirs on the planet, and the emissions of harmful gases emitted at the planet level are higher than the emission levels of combustion of all hydrocarbons in Canada. From our side, attention is paid to the technical possibilities of how to protect, rehabilitate and revitalize the existing accumulations as much as possible. Our innovative solution completely solves the newly created problem of backfilling of accumulated deposits and emissions of harmful gases. That is, it enables prevention for the future construction of hydro facilities, so that the resource of the accumulation would be sustainable in the long run and practical for its application. See the problem of filling up the reservoir in the following video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4v2o6tEIz-E&t=0s
Descriptive, technology works as follows. The inflow of water through the pipe through the crown of the dam is enabled with a water pressure device. When the pipe is filled with air, it is filled with water via a water pump, previously it is closed at the place of the engine room and at the place of connection with the transport pipe. The pipe over the crown of the dam is filled with water, the valve opens in place of the in-line turbines with pipes in the engine room. The water then, with the difference between the level of accumulation and the position of the opening of the pipe in the engine room, the law of connected vessels gained acceleration and more than tens of m / s. This is quite enough force to pull part of the sediment from the accumulation through the transport pipe of the water from the accumulation lake. Everything is explained in detail in the attached video presentation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epBNkbvLX70
Most of the existing hydroelectric power plants in the world have economically justified and paid off the investment. Their further work they will be conditioned by overhauls of equipment, hydro turbines, generators and electricity transport. The key unresolved issue of reducing the useful volume of reservoirs remains so far. With the appropriate technology, we completely solve problems related to the protection and preservation of the environment. With the application of this innovation, we have completely succeeded in our idea, enabling the revitalization of existing hydropower plants for their future centuries-old use. You can see the number of deposits loaded in the UK at the following link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_the_United_Kingdom
Benefits of applying technology to remove sediment from the reservoir on the Danube river, Djerdap I hydroelectric power plant
| Currently used technology | Innovative technology |
| float dredger for suction of sediment, excavator or suction branch, which uses a large amount of diesel as propellant | pipe system with intake manifold and non-diesel boat, small amount of water from the reservoir is used as propellant, less than 1% of flowing water |
| additional barges are used to deposit the sediment | separation is used, downstream of the dam to deposit sediments in separate basins |
| sediment is transported by barge to the place of separation, to the shore or disposed of downstream from the dam. Diesel fuel is consumed | sediment is disposed of directly downstream of the dam, disposed of in the river without the use of diesel. Water from the reservoir is used as fuel |
| the engagement of the ship is seasonal. The ship is reserved at the place of accumulation when it is constantly working to be profitable, employed, such work endangers the river ecosystem when working at low water levels | pipe system with suction branch and boat, the necessary equipment is placed on the dam as an integral part of the hydroelectric power plant, the sediment is cleaned as needed in the season of high water levels of the river |
| the ship works in one place mostly collects all the sediment, the sedimentary layer as a whole, because in this case time is money | a map and the state of the sediment in the accumulation are made, the pipe system is positioned as needed on a certain surface of the sediment, a certain part of the sediment is captured on the surface and depth and selectively sucked |
| the suction of the sediment is rough and it mixes, later it is harder to separate | suction is precise, it sucks on the surface of the layer and the depth of the deposit, the intensity when sucking only floating sludge to the need to suck and smaller rocks |
| in the accumulation for 40 years, sediment in the amount of 500,000,000 m³ was deposited, for its removal it is necessary to set aside min. 4 to 5 euros/m³ = 2,000,000,000 euros | for removing 500,000,000 m³ of sediment it is necessary to install technology worth 100,000,000 euros, with the work process = 200,000,000 euros = 0.4 euros/m³ |
| for the next 50 years it is necessary to allocate an additional 2,000,000,000 euros | for the next 50 years it is necessary to allocate an additional 100,000,000 euros, the total money spent will be returned from the additional earnings, further attached |
| in the process of sediment transport, a river barge is used which holds 1,000 m³ of sediment with additional water = 500,000 full barges with sediment | in the process of sediment transport, a system of pipes is used, which transfer the sediment downstream from the dam with the share of transport costs = 0 |
| Djerdap I Reservoir is 100 km long, where the sediment is evenly distributed with increasing amount towards the dam, so we can calculate 1/3 of its length as the average transport distance, 33 km x 500,000 sediment barges have traveled 16,500,000 km in one way, the same number of kilometers 16,500,000 km in return | transport is performed by pipes several tens of kilometers long, placed part along the length of the lake, transport is part of the process of work on the removal of sediment and which is then transferred downstream from the dam, so transport is not counted as a financial burden = 0 |
| hydroelectric power plant with this technological process has constant and high maintenance costs, which threaten to make it unprofitable, so the dam must be removed in the future with immeasurable environmental consequences for the environment and the river itself | hydropower plant with innovative technological process has a steady income and not expenses, the cost of maintaining sediment in the reservoir are negligible, the dam with the reservoir in the future is a permanent category, no emissions of harmful gases for the planet |
| the work process employs many field workers | the whole process is under the technological system managed by several employees from the room, on the hydroelectric power plant itself |
| equipment maintenance is extensive and expensive | equipment maintenance is mostly reduced to supervision and minor repairs |
| high waters are not used, they overflow the dam and in some cases endanger the construction of the hydroelectric power plant | high waters are additionally used, additional equipment for electricity generation is installed |
| not used | the project of old hydroelectric power plants, over 50 years old, built the thinking of engineers of that time, how to use water power with optimal means, so that energy production is projected in 24 h mode, which can be corrected with favorable construction of new generators. |
| not used | it is possible to install new generator positions for electricity generation mainly in 16 h or day mode |
| not used | increasing the installed power of generators on existing dams with hydropower plants would be a favorable investment to expand capacity (MW) |
| not used | expanded capacity of the hydropower plant, would enable the capture of water from the Djerdap II reservoir, transfer of water to the Djerdap I reservoir during night hours, using electricity from thermal power plants |
| not used | possible storage of water from nuclear power plants, wind and solar power plants, greater redistribution of electricity production in the region |
| not used | an additional cascade dam is being built at the entrance of the river to the accumulation of natural material, which filters the water |
| not used | the cascade dam filters the water as it passes through it, so the reservoir remains constantly clean, the water is enriched with the necessary chemical, biological or physical treatments when it comes to the reservoir for water supply |
| not used | the system of installed pipes on the dam constantly sucks the sediment with water and silt, not allowing the sediment to consolidate, goes naturally to the mouth of the river |
| not used | the application of the work process affects the reduced greenhouse effect, the biodegradability of sediments does not occur because by applying innovative technology it travels across the river similar to the absence of a dam in the riverbed |
| bio material is processed by technological processes for incineration | bio material is processed by technological processes for incineration |
| The use of versatile mechanical force, the persistence of man in the acquired ignorance | It is proven that ideas with applied knowledge give progress and the application of innovations creates new value |